About Stomach Cancer

Over one million cases of gastric cancer are diagnosed each year around the world. Stomach cancer is the 5th most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world, and the 7th most prevalent. The cumulative risk of developing gastric cancer from birth to age 74 is 1.87% in males and 0.79% in females worldwide.

Stomach cancer happens when normal cells in the stomach change into abnormal cells and grow out of control.

There are different kinds of stomach cancer, depending on the type of cells and part of the stomach involved.

Some people who get stomach cancer have a condition called H. pylori infection. H. pylori is a type of bacteria that can infect the stomach and intestines. Infection with H. pylori sometimes causes symptoms such as belly pain, bloating, nausea, or vomiting. If it is not treated, it can lead to stomach cancer.

Clinical Presentation

Early on, stomach cancer might not cause any symptoms. When stomach cancer causes symptoms, they can include

  • Weight loss
  • Belly pain, especially in the upper belly
  • Trouble swallowing
  • Having no appetite, or feeling full after eating a small amount of food
    Nausea
  • Feeling tired or short of breath (from a condition called “anemia,” which is when people have too few red blood cells)

Diagnosis

Upper endoscopy – This is the test most often done for stomach cancer. During this test, the doctor puts a thin tube with a camera and light on the end into the mouth and down into the stomach. This lets the doctor look at the stomach lining.

Biopsy – Doctors do this test during an upper endoscopy. During a biopsy, the doctor takes a small sample of tissue from an abnormal-looking area of the stomach. Then another doctor looks at the tissue under a microscope.

Blood tests

Imaging tests of the stomach, such as a CT scan – Imaging tests create pictures of the inside of the body.

Treatments

Surgery to remove the cancer – During surgery, the doctor might remove part or all of the stomach. If the doctor removes all of the stomach, he or she will reconnect the digestive tract so that the patient can eat.

Chemotherapy – Chemotherapy is the medical term for medicines that kill cancer cells or stop them from growing. Sometimes, people get chemotherapy before they have surgery.

Radiation therapy – Radiation can kill cancer cells.

Immunotherapy – This is the term doctors use for medicines that work with the body’s infection-fighting system (the “immune system”) to stop cancer growth.

Integrative medicine for stomach cancer

Immunotherapy

The goal of cancer immunotherapy is to improve the body natural ability to find and destroy cancer cells. Successful immunotherapeutic approaches stimulate the natural defenses of the immune system and provide new ways to attack cancer. This is possible with comprehensive interventions that include cell therapy / immuno-pharmacological therapy in combination with nutritional, endocrine measures and supplements.

Vaccines

Cancer vaccines deliver a cancer-specific protein to the body and direct the immune system to target cells that contain that protein.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T-cell immunotherapy involves taking the patient’s Tcells, genetically engineering the T cells to produce receptors that direct them to the cancer cells, and returning these CAR T cells to the patient’s body (NCI 2017b).

Dendritic enhancer or T-cell modulators

T-cell Modulators are peptide chains composed of tens of amino acids that appear to store all the experience of the immune system. The great intellectual leap to understand is that T-cell Modulators do not transfer antibodies nor create them directly, but its function is to educate, and teach the immune cells to recognize specific antigens that could happen to them unnoticed T-cell Modulators do not cure anything but work to make a “smarter” immune system so that it is the body itself eliminating disease. They are therefore vital in developing the strategies of the immune system against cancer.
T-cell Modulators contains several immunoactive components that have been shown to act synergistically in raising Dendritic and NK function.

Hyperthermia

Hyperthermia involves the use of heat to directly treat a tumor or increase the vulnerability of cancer cells to other forms of treatment, such as immunotherapy, B17, vitamin C, chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

Non-ablative or mild hyperthermia (HT) has been shown in preclinical and clinical studies as a localized sensitizer that enhances the tumoricidal effects of immunotherapy, radiation or chemotherapy.

A novel, minimally invasive interventional technique, HT has been shown to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy for solid organ tumors.

Liposomal Mistletoe

Mistletoe helps fight tumor-induced immune suppression. Natural killer cells (NK) are a type of white blood cell that looks for and destroys cancer cells. Studies show that it activates natural killer cells, T cells, macrophages and monocytes.

A study involving 220 cancer patients showed that those given mistletoe experienced less fatigue, insomnia, anorexia, and nausea. For stomach cancer, adding mistletoe to an oral chemotherapy regimen may also be beneficial.

Gluthatione

Glutathione is the most important antioxidant produced by your body and a master detoxifier of every cell in your body. It prevents cellular damage caused by free radicals and peroxides.

Glutathione metabolism can play both protective and pathogenic roles. It is crucial in the removal and detoxification of carcinogens, and alterations in this pathway can have a profound effect on cell survival. However, by conferring resistance to several chemotherapeutic drugs, elevated levels of glutathione in tumor cells can protect such cells.

Vitamin D

Background and Objectives Vitamin D deficiency is linked to several gastrointestinal malignancies including gastric cancer and affects a multitude of cellular processes involved in tumorigenesis.

Vitamin D, extensive literature demonstrates its action as a preventive agent and treatment of immunological abnormalities.

Melatonin

Melatonin, a hormone best known for its role in regulating sleep, is also emerging as a promising anti-cancer agent. Evidence to date has shown that melatonin can interfere with cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis.

Melatonin Inhibits the Proliferation of Gastric Cancer Cells Through Regulating the miR-16-5p-Smad3 Pathway.

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